![]() ![]() Participants were laid head-first supine in the scanner with foam pads to stabilize the head and wore earplugs to protect them from the scanner noise. T2-weighted turbo inversion recovery magnitude (TIRM) sequence parameters were set to: TR = 6150 ms, TE= 97 ms, flip angle = 150°, and FOV = 220 × 171.88 mm 2. For the anatomical measurement, a T1-weighted magnetization prepared rapid acquisition gradient echo (MPRAGE) sequence with following parameters was acquired: repetition time (TR) = 1950 ms, echo time (TE) = 3.3 ms, flip angle = 9°, field of view (FOV) = 220 × 178.75 mm 2, in-plane resolution = 0.9 × 0.7 mm, slice thickness = 1 mm, and gap = 0.5 mm. MRI acquisition: Anatomical and functional sequences were obtained using a 3 Tesla MRI scanner (Magnetom Verio Syngo, Siemens Erlangen). Reduced functional brain responses in the recovery phase after a myocardial infarction need further investigation. In conclusion, compared to healthy controls and patients suffering from acute myocardial infarction, limbic responses to aversive visual stimuli are attenuated during the acute phase of takotsubo syndrome, recovering within three months. In the recovery phase, the response in these brain regions normalized in takotsubo syndrome patients to the level of healthy controls, whereas patients 8–12 weeks after myocardial infarction showed lower responses in the limbic regions (mainly in the insula, frontal regions, thalamus, and inferior frontal gyrus) compared to healthy controls and takotsubo syndrome patients. In the acute phase, takotsubo syndrome patients showed a lower response in regions involved in affective and cognitive emotional processes (e.g., insula, thalamus, frontal cortex, inferior frontal gyrus) while viewing aversive versus positive pictures compared to healthy controls and patients presenting with myocardial infarction. Statistical analyses were performed based on the general linear model where aversive and positive picture conditions were included in order to reveal group differences during encoding of aversive versus positive pictures and longitudinal changes. In this longitudinal study, anatomical and task-based functional magnetic resonance imaging of the brain was performed during an emotional picture paradigm in 19 postmenopausal female takotsubo syndrome patients in the acute and recovery phases in comparison to sex- and aged-matched 15 healthy controls and 15 patients presenting with myocardial infarction. The role of the limbic system in the acute phase and during the recovery of takotsubo syndrome needs further clarification. ![]()
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